关于2021年5月滇西漾濞MS6.4地震序列特征及成因的初步研究          下载免费PDF全文

雷兴林  王志伟  马胜利  何昌荣 《地震学报》2021,43(3):261-286

2021年5月21日21时48分在滇西苍山西麓漾濞地区发生M_S6.4 （M_W6.1）强震,相关地震活动表现为一个典型的前震?主震?余震序列。本研究分别就该地震序列的构造背景、M1.0以上地震的双差定位、主要地震的矩张量反演和破裂传播方向、应力场反演及断层滑动趋势以及潮汐作用等方面进行了初步分析。矩张量反演结果表明,矩心深度为6.0 km。根据断层破裂传播方向分析结果及精定位余震分布判定,主震震源断层产状为走向137°,倾角75°,滑动角?167°,破裂沿南东向单侧扩展,右旋走滑含正断层分量。漾濞地震序列发生在红河断裂带北段延伸方向上的乔后—巍山断裂附近,但主震震源断层及主要余震的分布在走向和位置上均明显偏离已知的乔后—巍山断裂。地震序列受一个发育程度不高、含多级雁列构造的北西向为主、北东向为次的共轭走滑断层系统（本文称为“漾濞断层”）所控制,整体上沿北西向断层展布,主震与部分强余震为北西向断层活动所致,但中强前震和多数余震为北东向断层活动所致。中强震的断层破裂均为单侧扩展,北西向断层主要表现为南东向破裂扩展,而北东向断层沿两个方向破裂扩展,相邻地震还存在往返破裂现象。对截至5月23日所发生的M＞4.0前震和余震进行了全矩张量反演。利用漾濞地震震中15 km范围内20多个M_W＞3.4余震的比较可靠的震源机制解反演了该区的应力场,结果显示:主应力形状比φ＝（σ₂－σ₃）/（σ₁－σ₃）为0.46±0.17;最大主应力轴的方位角为188.0°±9.0°,倾伏角为12.4°±7.0°;中间主应力轴近直立,倾伏角为72.1°±11.3°;最小主应力轴的方位角为280.3°±7.0°,倾伏角为10.4°±12.0°。本文还对理论潮汐应变及应力进行了分析,结果表明,该地震序列受潮汐调制作用十分明显。5月18日18时及19日20时开始的两组前震群的首个主要地震以及5月21日晚发生的主震均发生在潮汐体应变和库仑应力的峰值附近,余震活动也与潮汐有明显的相关性。综合主要地震震源机制解、前震及余震分布、潮汐调制特征、基于应力场反演的断层滑动趋势分析以及滇西北地区以往类似地震活动研究结果,本文初步推断:漾濞地震受深部流体作用的影响明显,5月18日18时开始的第一次前震活动高潮从北西向断层的一个拉张性断层阶区开始,最大前震的震源断层为北东向断层,随后向北西方向迁移;19日20时开始的第二次前震活动高潮集中在主震震源附近。这些地震的触发及深部流体作用共同促进了北西向断层的活动,但主震的发生受深部流体作用为主。   相似文献   

地震标准中术语存在的问题及分析     

刘红俊  冯义钧  和锐 《中国地震》2021,37(1):148-155

以1999—2019年底正式颁布的地震标准中的术语为研究对象,采用标准化工作原理和统计分析方法,通过搜集整理、分类统计、逐条分析,提出了地震标准中术语存在的问题,分析了其产生的原因;按照对比分析的方法,给出了具体示例及分析结果,并对地震标准化术语工作及术语编写提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

全国重点地震台站观测环境优化改造关键技术与展望     

肖武军  赵刚  何少林  郑先进  谭俊义  张尧  张克诚 《中国地震》2021,37(1):156-163

稳定可靠的地震台站观测环境是台站产出高质量观测数据的基本要求。对台站观测环境的改造,是中国地震局近年来项目重点支持的方向。全国重点地震台站优化改造项目致力于地震台站的观测环境、基础设施和工作条件等保障系统的优化改造,使其适应和满足现代地震观测技术发展的需要。本文系统地总结了重点台站优化改造项目自2001年开展实施的相关情况,并对关键技术进行分析,主要体现在测震仪器的防震加固设计、地磁观测室无磁性工艺、形变山洞防潮保温、地电阻率观测架空线路防雷改造、台站标准化改造等方面。通过这些新技术和工艺,保障了台站观测环境,提升了观测数据质量,为地震监测、地震预测预报和地震科学研究提供了高质量的基础数据支撑。此外,探讨了新形势下台站优化改造的新内容与新技术,为今后台站改造的发展方向提供一定参考。  相似文献   

2017年11月23日重庆武隆5.0级地震前地磁谐波振幅比异常研究     

贺曼秋  李翠平  魏红梅  唐晋 《中国地震》2021,37(4):789-796

近年来,地磁谐波振幅比方法在国内得到较广泛的应用,并成为一种较为有效的地震预测方法。本文利用谐波振幅比方法,对2017年11月23日重庆武隆5.0级地震震中附近台站的地磁三分量数据进行计算,并分析了各台站10~60min周期谐波振幅比值异常特征。研究发现,异常台站几乎均位于震源机制解的拉张区(P波向下的区域),具有象限分布特征;异常台站NS向谐波振幅比值变化存在分层现象,短周期(浅部)的变化与长周期(深部)变化成相反相位,从电磁学机理看,浅部与深部之间存在EW向的面电流;近震中台站的异常低点时间存在由长周期(深部)向短周期(浅部)迁移的现象。  相似文献   

A new portable in situ flume for measuring critical shear stress on river beds     

Cheng He  James Nodwell Taylor  Quintin Rochfort  David Nguyen 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(2):235-242

A new portable in situ flume(PISF)for measuring critical bed shear stress(CBSS)was developed in this study.The PISF consists of an open bottom sediment erosion chamber and an electrically-driven pump.Unlike most existing in situ flumes with similar designs,the new PISF does not rely on monitoring the flow conditions or particle density in the sediment erosion chamber;instead,it is a pre-calibrated flume.The calibration was performed by first determining CBSS of various selected sediment samples of known particle size and density(using the law of the wall),based on flow velocity-depth profiles measured in a 6 m straight open-channel flume using a Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV)system.These same particles of known CBSS were then used in the new in-situ flume under controlled lab conditions to obtain a series of calibration curves of CBSS vs.pump electrical power.A wide variety of particle types and sizes(simulated sediments)were used in this two-step calibration procedure to widen CBSS measurement range and simulate cohesive force effects.The size of the PISF is much smaller and more practical than other similar devices as lamellar flow conditions are not required and it can be applied to a wide range of sediment types including cohesive sediments.  相似文献   

A 2D well-balanced,coupled model of water flow,sediment transport,and bed evolution based on unstructured grids with efficient variable storage strategy     

Zhiyuan Yue  Qingquan Liu  Wei Huang  Peng Hu  Zhixian Cao 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(1):151-160

In recent decades,a few Godunov-type,finite volume two-dimensional(2D)unstructured grid,coupled flow,and sediment models(GF2DUCM)have been developed for flows over erodible beds.These kinds of models are generally analyzed as a Vertex Model(VM)that define topography at the cell vertex,which can lead to the non-conservation of mass regarding flow,sediment,and bed evolution.Here,a full cellcantered variable storage method(Central Model or CM)is applied as the solution of the GF2DUCM.In this method,terrain elevation is defined at the cell centroids;this accurately describes the physical relations between the water depth and topography deformation.This approach can fully eliminate calculation errors in topography deformation at local cells caused by the interpolation of topography deformation at the cell vertex,and reduced uncertainty in the computation of the GF2DUCM.The model performance is systematically tested using a series of laboratory experiments,which demonstrate the mass conservation feature and high accuracy in reproducing hydrodynamic and morphological processes.  相似文献   

基于U型网络的X线头影图像特征点自动定位          下载免费PDF全文

肖贺  戴修斌 《CT理论与应用研究》2021,30(4):437-446

为了提高口腔临床诊断效率,提出一种基于U型生成对抗网络的X线头影测量图像结构特征点自动定位方法。该方法在生成对抗网络框架下构建U型生成器网络,用于学习从当前图像到目标特征点偏移距离图的映射;再构建鉴别器网络以判断预测的偏移距离图是否与真实数据一致。将新采集的X线头影测量图像作为已训练的U型生成器网络输入,得到新图像针对目标特征点的偏移距离图,然后通过回归投票方法从预测出的偏移距离图中获得检测目标特征点坐标。实验结果表明,该方法相较于其他方法具有更高的检测成功率,能较准确地获得X线头影测量图像中结构特征点的位置。   相似文献   

Impacts of coastal reclamation on tidal and sediment dynamics in the Rui’an coast of China     

Chen  Peixiong  Sun  Zhilin  Zhou  Xin  Xia  Yuezhang  Li  Li  He  Zhiguo  Wang  Rusheng  Xie  Haijian 《Ocean Dynamics》2021,71(3):323-341

Ocean Dynamics - Coastal reclamation projects have been extensively constructed along the coastline of the East China Sea over the past decades. To investigate the impact of reclamations on the...  相似文献   

CFRP加固一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙抗震性能研究     

王宇亮  何斌  张玉敏  李祥  庞豹 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(3):544-553

以一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙作为研究对象,设计了3个装配式剪力墙试件及1个现浇剪力墙对比试件,进行低周往复荷载试验,并对破坏墙体进行CFRP加固,再次进行拟静力试验。试件变化参数包括轴压比、混凝土强度等级及配筋率,对比分析加固前后试件滞回性能、刚度退化、承载力和耗能能力等性能。试验结果表明,与现浇剪力墙相比,一字形竖缝耗能预制剪力墙工作性能良好,阻尼器屈服耗能提高了试件整体工作性能;CFRP加固可有效抑制墙体斜裂缝的发展,对墙体承载力及耗能能力均有显著改善作用;各试件均满足剪力墙弹塑性层间位移角限值要求,延性较好;试件整体表现出良好的抗震性能。  相似文献   

Formation blockage risk analysis of geothermal water reinjection:Rock property analysis,pumping and reinjection tests,and long-term reinjection prediction     

Liang Zhang  Songhe Geng  Linchao Yang  Ronghua Wen  Chuan He  Zhen Zhao  Guangxiong Qin 《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,(1):310-325

The blockage induced by particle migration and deposition is one of the main reasons for the decrease of reinjection capacity in the porous geothermal reservoir with a low and medium temperature.In this paper,a new drilled geothermal well in Xining basin China is taken as an example to investigate the formation blockage risk due to the movable clay and sand particles in pores.The physical properties of the reservoir rocks were analyzed,a series of pumping and reinjection tests were conducted,and the longterm reinjection performance of the well was predicted by numerical simulation based on the test fitting.The results show that the geothermal reservoir rocks are argillaceous and weakly cemented sandstones with a content of movable clay and sand particles up to 0.18–23.42 wt.%.The well presented a high productivity of 935–2186 m3?d-1 at a pressure difference of 0.7–1.62 MPa in the pumping tests associated with a large amount of clay and sand particles produced out,while in the reinjection test,only a low injectivity of 240–480 m3?d-1 was observed at an injection pressure of 0.2–0.6 MPa with the clay and sand particles near the wellbore move into deep.According to the prediction,under conditions of a blockage risk,the injectivity of the well will start to decline after 100 days of injection,and in the third year,it will decrease by 59.00%–77.09%.The influence of invasion of pretreated suspended particles and scale particles can be neglected.Under conditions of a high blockage risk,the injectivity of the well will decrease significantly in the first 20–30 days,with a decline of 75.39%–78.96%.Generally,the higher the injection pressure or rate,the greater the decrease in injectivity of the well caused by particle blockage.Pump lifting is an effective measure to remove the well blockage which can be used regularly.  相似文献